Mole fraction Totally Explained

Everything about Mole Fraction totally explained

In chemistry, the mole fraction of a component in a mixture is the relative proportion of molecules belonging to the component to those in the mixture, by number of molecules. It is one way of measuring concentration. It provides the most symmetrical way of representing thermodynamic functions of mixtures. For each component

i

, the mole fraction

x_i

is the number of moles

n_i

divided by the total number of moles in the system,

n

. ť

x_i  stackrel  1 ,

Mole fractions are one way of representing the concentrations of the various chemical species. They are an ideal-mixture approximation to the effect of concentration on the equilbrium or rate of a reaction. In practice (except for very dilute solutions or for gasses at atmospheric pressure), all measures of concentration must be multiplied by correction factors called activity coefficients in order to yield accurate results.
The mole fraction is sometimes denoted by the lower case Greek letter

chi

(chi) instead of a Roman

x

.
   Mole fractions are dimensionless numbers. Other ways of representing concentrations, for example, molarity and molality, yield dimensional quantities (per litre, per kilogram, etc.). When chemical formulas seem to be taking the logarithms of dimensional quantities, there's an implied ratio, and such expressions can always be rearranged so that the arguments of the logarithms are dimensionless numbers, as they must be.
   As an example, if a mixture is obtained by dissolving 10 moles of NaCl in 90 moles of water, the mole fraction of NaCl in that mixture is 0.1.
   For mixtures of molecules of differing sizes, see: volume fraction.

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